\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{208.10\%}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ 0,1............0,1..............0,1.............0,2\left(mol\right)\\ b,m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98.100}{8}=122,5\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{kt}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3\left(g\right)\\ d,m_{ddsau}=208+122,5-23,3=307,2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{307,2}.100\approx2,376\%\)

PTHH: \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow2HCl+BaSO_4\downarrow\)

Ta có: \(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{208\cdot10\%}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot98}{8\%}=122,5\left(g\right)\\m_{BaSO_4}=0,1\cdot233=23,3\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl}=0,2\cdot36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddBaCl_2}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{BaSO_4}=307,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{307,2}\cdot100\%\approx2,38\%\)

Bài 19  :

\(a) n_{Al} = \dfrac{10,8}{27} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,6(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : }Al_2(SO_4)_3\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al} = 0,2(mol)\\ m_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,2.342 = 68,4(gam)\)

Bài 18 : 

\(a) n_{HCl} = \dfrac{250.7,3\%}{36,5 } = 0,5(mol)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,25(mol) \Rightarrow V_{H_2} = 0,25.22,4 = 5,6(lít)\\ b) \text{Chất tan : } ZnCl_2\\ n_{ZnCl_2} = n_{H_2} = 0,25(mol)\\ m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,25.136 = 34(gam)\)

\(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4+2HCl\)

\(x----x------x\)

\(n_{BaCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2SO_4}=0,125.0,4=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

Vậy H2SO4 phản ứng hết

\(\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,05.233=11,65\left(g\right)\)

a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaCl_2}=0,1.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH:           \(CuSO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+CuCl_2\)

Ban đầu:         0,3           0,2

Sau pư:           0,1            0              0,2             0,2

=> \(m_{kt}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,2.233=46,6\left(g\right)\)

b)             \(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)

                 0,1-------->0,2

                \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\)

                 0,2------>0,4

=> \(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,4\right).40}{15\%}=160\left(g\right)\)

Bài 10:

PTHH: \(Na_2CO_3+BaCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+BaCO_3\downarrow\)

a) Ta có: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{200\cdot10,6\%}{106}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{BaCO_3}\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{BaCO_3}=0,2\cdot197=39,4\left(g\right)\)

b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{BaCl_2}=n_{BaCO_3}=0,2mol\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot208}{120}\cdot100\%\approx34,67\%\)

c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{NaCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,4\cdot58,5=23,4\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{ddNa_2CO_3}+m_{ddBaCl_2}-m_{BaCO_3}=280,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{23,4}{280,6}\cdot100\%\approx8,34\%\)

Bài 11 và bài 12 tương tự bài 10

nAl = 5,4 / 27 = 0,2(mol)

2Al + 3H2SO4--- > Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2

0,2      0,3                0,1                0,3    (mol)

VH2SO4  = n/ CM = 0,3 / 2 = 0,15(l)

=> V1 = 150 ml

mAl2(SO4)3 = 0,1 . 342 = 34,2 (g)

Al2(SO4)3 + 3BaCl2 -- > 3BaSO4 + 2AlCl3

 0,1                                       0,1

=> mBaSO4 = 0,1 . 233 = 23,3 (g)

\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{150.16,64\%}{137+35.2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.14,7\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Phương trình hóa học : 

BaCl₂ + H₂SO₄ -----> BaSO₄ + 2HCl 

Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư }0,15-0,12=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

c) Khối lượng kết tủa : 

\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,12.233=27,96\) (g) 

Khối lượng chất tan : \(m_{HCl}=0,24.36,5=8,76\left(g\right)\) ; 

\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\) 

c) \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}\)= \(\dfrac{2,94}{150+100}.100\%=1,176\%\)

_{\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,76}{150+100}.100\%=3.504\%\)}

d) NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H₂O 

      0,24 <-- 0,24

       mol       mol

    2NaOH + H₂SO₄  ---> Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

  0,06 mol <-- 0,03 mol  

\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,24+0,06=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{NaOH}=0,3.2=0,6\left(l\right)\)